用好非谓语动词,找到其逻辑主语是关键,下文结合例句和考题讨论非谓语动词的逻辑主语的位置.
一、句子的主语
非谓语动词作状语、主语补足语时,其逻辑主语为句子的主语.如:
CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsideredtoheinventedthefirstputer.(toheinvented为句子的主语补足语,它的逻辑主语是CharlesBabbage,该动作在谓语动词所示动作之前发生,用完成式)
例1_____animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregretitsoonerorlater.
A.BasedB.BasingC.BaseD.Tobase
解析:选B.动词base与逻辑主语you之间构成主动关系,因此用现在分词作状语.注意:(sb.)baseAonB相当于AisbasedonB.
例2Hingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschool_____tothenewstudents.
A.speakingB.hingspoken
C.tospeakD.tohespoken
解析:选C.tospeak作逻辑主语she的补足语,注意搭配invitesb.todosth..
二、句子的宾语
非谓语动词作宾语补足语,该宾语就是非谓语动词的逻辑主语.如:
Shestoodinfrontofhim,withhereyeixedonhiace.(fixed的逻辑主语是介词with的宾语hereyes,注意搭配fixone’seyesonsth.)
例3MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself_____ofhisowndreams.
A.remindingB.toremind
C.remindedD.remind
解析:选C.reminded作宾语补足语,表示状态,逻辑主语himself和reminded为被动关系.
例4Ilookedupandnoticedasnake_____itswayupthetreetocatchitsbreakfast.
A.towindB.windC.windingD.wound
解析:选C.此题考查现在分词作宾语补足语.windingitsway与句子的宾语snake之间为主动关系,且此动作正在进行.
三、修饰的先行词
非谓语动词作定语时,其逻辑主语为该词修饰的先行词.如:
Thepeopleoperatingthesefactoriesaredeeplyconcernedabouttheenvironment.(operating的逻辑主语为先行词thepeople,它们之间是主动关系)
Hiirstbooktobepublishednextmonthisexpectedtobeasuccess.(不定式tobepublished表示将来的动作,其逻辑主语是hiirstbook)
例5Recentlyasurvey_____pricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.
A.paredB.paring
C.paresD.beingpared
解析:选B.非谓语动词作定语,和被修饰的survey是主动关系,因此用-ing形式.
例6We’rehingameetinginhalfanhour.Thedecision_____atthemeetingwillinfluencethefutureofourpany.
A.tobemadeB.beingmade
C.madeD.hingbeenmade
解析:选A.分析句子结构可知,空白处为后置定语,根据willinfluence确定为将来动作,且与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的被动关系.
例7Thewitnesses_____bythepolicejustnowgeverydifferentdescriptionsofthefight.
A.questionedB.beingquestioned
C.tobequestionedD.hingquestioned
解析:选A.首先判断此处需要一个非谓语动词,作witnesses的后置定语,question与witnesses之间为被动关系,根据标志词justnow可知动作question已经完成.
四、独立的逻辑主语非谓语部分常作状语,其逻辑主语与主句的主语不同,构成独立主格结构.如:
Alltheworkdone,youcanhearestnow.(done的逻辑主语是work,主句主语是you)
Hesuggestedgoingforapiic,Marytoprovidethefood.(不定式表示将来的动作,逻辑主语是Mary,主句主语是he)
例8Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some_____alifespanofaround20years.
A.hingB.hadC.heD.tohe
解析:选A.因为句中已有谓语动词are,所以该空要填非谓语动词;因为逻辑主语与he为主动关系,所以用-ing形式.
例9Thepartywillbeheldinthegarden,weather_____.
A.permittingB.topermit
C.permittedD.permit
解析:选A.由于主句的主语party与weather不一致,所以weather作permitting的逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构.两者为主动关系,用现在分词.
此外,动名词复合结构也有自己独立的逻辑主语.如:
Manytreeswerecutdownandthatresultedinthevillagebeingburiedbysand.(thevillage可用thevillage’s代替,是beingburied的逻辑主语)
Mary’snotpassingthedrivingtestmadeherveryupset.(动名词复合结构作句子的主语,Mary’s不宜用Mary代替)
五、无逻辑主语
非谓语动词在句中作主语、宾语和表语时,相当于名词,常常没有逻辑主语.
1.Toseeistobelieve.(非谓语动词作主语和表语)
2.Hisplanisaboutexpandingthebusiness.(非谓语动词作宾语)
例10Nomatterhowbrightatalkeryouare,therearetimeswhenit’sbetter_____silent.
A.remainB.beremaining
C.hingremainedD.toremain
解析:选D.it作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式toremainsilent.(责任编校/彭益)