本站原创随着新课程改革的进行,单词以及教学材料等多方面都做了很大的改变,越来越多的学生对新教材和教学内容产生了浓厚的兴趣.然而,语法内容的教学却不会改变,对于老师来说,怎样在新的形势下教授语法尤为重要,可以说也是一种挑战.为了吸引更多的学生学好语法,我们教师可以选用一种新的方式来呈现语法的内容――提纲式教学.笔着通过实践发现英语语法提纲式教学在学习语法中对学生理解,归纳,总结和对比都有所帮助.
笔者在教学过程当中发现,很多学生在学习英语过程当中,对句子结构糊涂.当遇到长句子,或者句子结构稍微复杂一点时,他们就不能准确的翻译出来,影响学生对句子含义的理解.在写作当中,老师们也会发现,很多学生写出的句子结构不完整,影响了写作的得分.甚至,有些同学认为where等于inwhich.所以,对于学生来说,让他们说出句子有哪些类型那是更难的事.学生们不能很好的辨识出,相同的连词在不同类型句子中,充当的成分和含义是不一样的.通过提纲式教学,它在帮助学生理清思路的同时也帮学生很好地抓住了语法内容的主干,便于学生当堂记忆和日后复习.笔者也希望,学生通过提纲式教学的学习,对语法内容有一个整体的概念,使抽象的语法更具体,便于在记忆中形象化.
下面笔者将从句子结构入手,重点体现提纲式教学在定语从句中的运用.（横线内容需由学生完成）
句子归纳为：简单句,并列句,复合句.
1.简单句：①主语+谓语；②主语+谓语+宾语；③主语+系动词+表语；④主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；⑤主语+谓语+宾语+补语；⑥祈使句.
2.并列句：简单句+并列连词+简单句
并列连词：and,but,or,for,so,both等and等,either等or,either等nor等,notonly等butalso等
3.复合句：①状语从句：（时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句,目的状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,方式状语从句,比较状语从句）②定语从句；③名词性从句：（主语从句,名词性从句,宾语从句,表语从句）
定语从句提纲
一、基本概念
1.修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,所修饰的词叫先行词,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词的后面.定语从句可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种.
2.引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词.
可分为：
①关系代词：whowhomwhichasthatwhose
（在从句中做主语或宾语,whose做定语既可指人又可指物）
②关系副词：wherewhenwhy（在从句中做地点、时间、原因状语）
关系词的三个作用：①引导定语从句；②代替先行词；③在从句中充当一个成分（关系词如果在从句中作宾语时常常省略）.
二、关系代词引导的定语从句
1.Theboywho/thatareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
2.YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwho/thatlosehisway.
3.Mr.Liuisthepersonwho/whom/thatyoutalkedaboutonthebus.
4.Whereisthemanwho/whom/thatIsawthiorning.
5.Footballisagamewhich/thatislikedbymostboys.
6.Thisisthepenwhich/thatheboughtyesterday.
7.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyonewhosefamilywaspoor.
8.Idon’tlikethehighbuildingwhosewindowsaretooall.
三、关系副词引导的定语从句
1.Istillrememberthedayswhenwestudiedtogetherintheschool
2.ThisisthehousewhereShakespearewasborn.
3.Thereasonwhyherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.
四、介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词：whomwhichwhose
介词的选择：①与先行词有关；②与从句的谓语动词有关.
1.Theschoolatwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
atwhich换为where
2.IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametotheschool.
onwhich换为when
3.ThereasonforwhichIwaslatewastheheytraffic.
forwhich换为why
4.TheplaneonwhichweflewintoCanadaisveryfortable.
5.TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.6.Wewillgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomweheoftentalked.
7.ThebossinwhosedepartmentMsKingworkedtenyearsagolookdownuponwomen.
8.Thisisthewatchthat/which/＼Iamlookingfor.
（从句中含有介词的动词短语时一般不拆开使用,如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等）
五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1.Sheisateacher,whoisclearfromhermanner.
2.WhoMoveMyCheese?whichisabest-sellingbook,iswrittenbySpencerJohnson.
3.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwaorethanwecouldexpect.
4.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,whichpersonallyIdoubtverymuch.
5.Heiromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.
（which和as的先行词还可以是整个句子或者句子所陈述的内容.）
6.Heisamanofrichexperience,whosemuchknowledgecanbelearned.
7.Helivedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhom（父母俩人都）areverykindtohim.
8.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhich（它们中的一些）hegonebad.
9.Thereare40studentsinourclassinall,mostofwhom（他们的大多数）arefrombigcities.
10.InSydney,theChineseteamgot28goldmedal,18ofwhich（其中18块金牌）werewonbywomen.
（“介词+关系代词”前可有some,all,none,both,any,neither,most,each,few等代词或数词）.
1.Iliketoliveinthehouse,whosewindowacesouth.
whose换为：thewindowsofwhich/ofwhichthewindows
2.Ilikethebook,whosecolorisyellow?
whose换为：thecolorofwhich/ofwhichthecolor
六、注意关系词that
在限制性定语从句中,如果关系词在从句中做主语或宾语时,只能用that的几种情况（先行词指人时,亦可以用who）：
1.当先行词是something,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,all,none,few,some等代词时,或者是由all,any,every,no,little,much,very等修饰时.
e.g.Everythingthathecandoisdone.
Thatisallthatsheknows.
2.当先行词被序数词修饰时.
e.g.ThethirdplacethattheyvisitedinBeijingwastheGreatWall.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时.
e.g.ThisisthebestfilmthatIheseen.
4.当先行词被theonly,thevery,thenext,thefirst,thelast修饰时.
e.g.ThisistheverybikethatIwanttobuy.
Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.
5.当先行词既有人,又有物时.
e.g.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.
6.当 先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时.
e.g.Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?
WhichistheT-shirtthatfitemost?
7.当先行词是tobe表语,或关系代词本身是从句的表语时.
e.g.Myhometownisnolongertheplacethatitusedtobe
Sheisnotthegirlthatshewasthreeyearsago.
8.当主句以therebe开头时.
e.g.Thereisaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.
Thereisaboywhoishandsome.
9.一个句中含有两个定语从句,如果前一个从句中已用who/which时.
e.g.Themanwhoisatthetableishisbrotherthathasbeenservinginthearmy.
IwillborrowabookwhichtellsabouttheheroicdeedsthatthePLAdidinthebattlesagainsttheinvaders.
10.当两个定语从句的结构如果平行,一个定语从句已用关系代词that时.
e.g.Hetoldmetoreadabookthatisveryshort,andthatisveryinteresting.
七、区别关系词as和which
八、以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导,而且通常可以省略
e.g.Thewaythat/inwhich/＼heansweredthequestionwassurprising.
九、区别定语从句和同位语从句