本站原创新编研究生英语系列教程
博士研究生英语综合教程
(第二版/教师用书)
北京市研究生英语教学研究会
主编陈大明徐汝舟
副主编刘宁王焱华
许建平
编者赵宏凌邹映辉
杨凤珍来鲁宁
张剑柳君丽
曹莉郑辉
中国人民大学出版社
KeytotheExercises
UnitOneScience
Text1CanWeReallyUnderstandMatter
I.Vocabulary
1.A2.B3.A4.C5.D6.B7.B8.C
II.Definition
1.Apriority2.Momentum3.Animplication4.Polarization
5.thedistancethatlighttrelsinayear,about5.88trillionmilesor9.46trillionkm.
6.acontradictoryorabsurdstatementthatexpressesapossibletruth
7.adevicethatspeedsupchargedelementaryparticlesorionstohighenergies
III.Mosaic
1.Thestress:(Omitted)
Pronunciationrule:AnEnglishwordendedwith–tionor–sionhasitsstressonthelastsyllablebutone.
2.molecule
3.A4.B5.C6.B7.A8.A
IV.Translation
(RefertotherelevantpartoftheChinesetranslation)
InSeptember1995,anti-hydrogenatom—ananti-matteratom—wassuccesullydevelopedinEuropeanParticlePhysicsLaboratoryinSwitzerland.Afterthestartlingnewsspreadout,scientistsintheWestwhowereindulgedintheresearchofanti-matterweregreatlyexcited.Whiletheywereattemptingtoproduceandstoreanti-matterastheenergyforspacecraft,theyraisedanewquestion:Manyofthemysteriousnuclearexplosionsintherecentonehundredyearsareconnectedwithanti-matter.Thatistosay,thesehard-to-explainexplosionsaretricksplayedbyanti-matter.Theyarethe"destruction"phenomenoncausedbytheimpactbetweenmatterandanti-matter.
V.Grouping
Uncertainty:
whatif,illusory,indescribable,puzzle,speculation,seemingly,insomemysteriousway
Contrast:
moredaunting,thehardestofhardsciences,dolittletodiscourage,fromafar,closescrutiny,workamazinglywell
C.ApplicationsofQuantummechanics:
themomentumofachargingelephant,buildingimprovedgyroscopes
1.probabilities2.illusory3.discourage4.scrutiny
VI.TopicorDiscussionandWriting
(Omitted)
WritingStrategyDefinition
I.Completethefollowingdefinitionswiththehelpofdictionaries.
1.Tobribemeanstoinfluencethebehiororjudgmentofothers(usuallyinpositionsofpower)unfairlyorillegallybyofferingthemforsorgifts.
2.Grityisdefinedasthenaturalforcebywhichobjectsareattractedtoeachother,especiallythatbywhichalargemasspullsaalleronetoit.
3.ThemillenniumbugreferstotheputerglitchthatariseromaninabilityofthesoftwaretodealcorrectlywithdatesofJanuary2000orlater.
4.Globalizationisunderstoodasthedevelopmentsoastomakepossibleinternationalinfluenceoroperation.
II.Writeaone-paragraphdefinitionofthefollowingwords.
1.hypothesis
Ahypothesisisanideawhichissuggestedasapossiblewayofexplainingfacts,provinganargument,etc.Throughexperiments,thehypothesisiseitheracceptedastrue(possiblywithimprovements)orcastoff.
2.science
Scienceisdefinedastheintellectualandpracticalactivityenpassingthesystematicstudyofthestructureandbehiorofthephysicalandnaturalworldthroughobservationandexperiment.
3.superstition
Superstitionreferstoabeliefwhichisnotbasedonreasonorfactbutonoldideasaboutluck,magic,etc.Forexample,itisamonsuperstitionthatblackcatsareunlucky.
4.pessimi
Pessimiisatendencytogivemoreattentiontothebadsideofasituationortoexpecttheworstpossibleresult.Apersonwithpessimiisapessimistwhothinksthatwhateverhappensisbad.
5.individuali
Individualiistheideathattherightsandfreedomoftheindividualarethemostimportantrightsinasociety.Ithasabadsenseinthatlittleattentionispaidtotherightsofthecollectiveoragoodoneinthatindependenceisemphasizedratherthandependenceonothers.
Text2PhysicsAwaitsNewOptionsasStandardModelIdles
I.Vocabulary
1.C2.A3.B4.A5.C6.D7.D8.B
II.Definition
1.Arefrain2.Aspark3.Ajingle4.Symmetry
5.developsorstudiestheoriesorideasaboutaparticularsubject.
6.studiestheoriginandnatureoftheuniverse.
7.studiesthestarsandplasusingscientificequipmentincludingtelescopes.
III.Mosaic
1.grity2.anti-/opposite
3.D4.B5.A6.A7.B8.A
IV.Translation
(RefertotherelevantpartoftheChinesetranslation)
B.TheStandardModelofparticlephysicsisanunfinishedpoem.Mostofthepiecesarethere,andevenunfinished,itisarguablythemostbrilliantopusintheliteratureofphysics.Withgreatprecision,itdescribesallknownmatter–allthesubatomicparticlessuchasquarksandleptons–aswellastheforcesbywhichthoseparticlesinteractwithoneanother.Theseforcesareelectromagi,whichdescribeshowchargedobjecteeleachother'sinfluence:theweakforce,whichexplainshowparticlescanchangetheiridentities,andthestrongforce,whichdescribeshowquarkssticktogethertoformprotonsandotherpositeparticles.ButaslovelyastheStandardModel'sdescriptionis,itisinpieces,andsomeofthosepieces–thosethatdescribegrity–aremissing.Itisafewshardsofbeautythathintatsomethinggreater,likeafewlinesofSapphoonafragmentofpapyrus.
V.Grouping
Particlephysics:
supersymmetry,equation,superpartners,string
Strangeness:
bizarre,beyondthekenof
Antonyms:
grity–antigrity
1.novelty2.revelatory3.Symmetry4.grity
VII.TopicorDiscussionandWriting
(Omitted)
WritingStrategyExemplificationandIllustration
(Omitted)
Text3SupportingScience
I.Vocabulary
1.D2.C3.A4.C5.C6.A7.B8.A9.C10.D11.B12.A
II.Definition
1.A portfolio2.Avista3.Cryptography4.Paleontology
5.abusinessoranundertakingthathasrecentlybegunoperation
6.agroupofpeoplehingmoninterests
7.apersonwithseniormanagerialresponsibilityinabusinessanization
III.Rhetoric
1.pouringmoneyinto2.column3.unbridled4.twilight5.blossomedinto
IV.Mosaic
1.phenomenoncriteriondatummedium
(becausethesewordsoriginatedfromLatinandretaintheirLatinpluralform)
2.A3.A4.B5.B6.B7.C8.B
V.Translation
(RefertotherelevantpartoftheChinesetranslation)
B.Thefivescientistswhowonthe1996NobelPrizepointoutthatthepresentprosperityanddevelopmentarebasedonthefruitsofbasicscientificresearchandthenegligenceofbasicscientificresearchwillthreatenhumandevelopmentofthe21stcentury.
EUcountriesnoticedthatoneoftheirweaknessesis"insufficientinvestmentinresearchanddevelopment."KoreaandSingaporedonothesitatetopourmoneyintoresearchanddevelopment.ThedevelopedcountriesintheWestheusedmostofthescientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentresourceortheresearchanddevelopmentofnewandhightechnology.Thishasbeeanobvioustrendatpresent.Itisevidentfromtheexperiencesofvariouscountriesthatnewandhightechnologycancreateandformnewindustries,openupandsetupnewmarkets.Theinnovationoftraditionalindustrieswithnewandhightechnologyisakeymethodtostrengthenthepetitivepetencyofanenterprise.
VI.Grouping:
Negligenceofbasicresearch:
corporatebreakups,cutbackonresearch,ignoreit,subjecttoaprotracteddissectionandreview,second-guessing,droppeddramatically,subjectedtoascrutiny,skirlingoursupport
Significantexamplesofbasicresearch:
puting,biotechnology,theInter,numbertheory,plexanalysis,codingtheory,cryptography,dinosaurpaleontology,geicsresearch)
Waystointensifyarguments:
movedsupportforsciencefroma"wanttohe"squarelyintothe"needtohe"column
1.resounding2.second-guessing3.downsized4.subjected
VII.TopicorDiscussionandWriting
(Omitted)
WritingStrategyComparison,Contrast,andAnalogy
(Omitted)
Text4WhyMustScientistsBeeMoreEthicallySensitiveThanTheyUsedtoBe
I.Vocabulary
1.B2.B3.A4.C5.B6.D7.D8.A9.D10.B11.B12.D
II.Definition
1.Aconstraint2.Algorithm3.Aprerequisite4.Ethics
5.animportanttopicorproblemfordebateordiscussion
6.aperson'sprinciplesorstandardsofbehiour,one'sjudgementofwhatisimportantinlife.
7.aformalplanputforwardforconsiderationtocarryoutaproject
III.Rhetoric
1.brushedunderthecarpet2.ell3.handsandbrains
4.battlefront5.module...module
IV.Mosaic
1./z//s//s//z//s/
/s//iz//z//s//z/
/iz//z//s//z//z/
/z//s//s//z//z/
/s/aftervoicelessconsonants
/z/aftervoicedconsonants
/iz/afterawordendedwith–es
2.B3.D4.A5.D6.A7.C
V.Translation
(RefertotherelevantpartoftheChinesetranslation)
B.Scientistsandmedicalethicistsadvocatetheprohibitionofhumancloningasawaytoproducelife.Theyallagreethathumancloningexertsseverethreatsonhumandignity.Socialcriticspointoutthatclonedchildrenwilllackpersonalityandnoumenon.G.Annas,professorofhealthlawsinBostonuniversity,pointsoutthat"humancloningshouldbebannedbecauseitmayfundamentallyalterthedefinitionofourselves."
VI.Grouping:
Thechangeofattitudestowardsethicalconsideration:
occupymediaslotsandSundaysupplements,latestbattlefront,cannolongerbesweptaside,moresensitive
Academicscience:
aworldwideinstitutionalweb,peerreview,respectforpriorityofdiscovery,prehensivecitationoftheliterature,meritocraticpreferment,uggleethicalconsiderationromprivatelife,frompolitics,fromreligion,fromsheerhumanitariansympathy
Industrialscience:
intimatelyinvolvedinthebusinessofdailylife
Post-academicscience:
asuccessionof"projects",poundmoralriskswithfinancialrisks,largelytheworkofteamsofscientists
1.individualistic2.energized3.prehensive4.heterogeneous
VII.TopicorDiscussionandWriting
(Omitted)
WritingStrategyCauseandEffect
(Omitted)
Text5Beauty,Charm,andStrangeness:ScienceasMetaphor
I.Vocabulary
1.B2.A3..B5.C6.B7.A8.B9.A10.C
II.Rhetoric
1.pitch2.landscape3.unblinking4.yawn5.wrings
III.Mosaic
physicalpoeticpoliticalscientificopticalatomic
2.(Omitted)
3.B4.B5.A6.C7.D
IV.Translation
(RefertotherelevantpartoftheChinesetranslation)
B.Thereareonlytwoformsofhumanspiritualcreation:scienceandpoetry.Theformergivesusconvenience,andthelattergivesuort.Inmoremonwords,theformerenablesustohefoodtoeatwhenwearehungry,andthelattermakesusawarethateatingissomethingmorethaneating,anditisveryinterestingaswell.Tohesciencewithoutpoetry,atomicbombwillbedetonated,tohepoetrywithoutscience,poetswillstarvetodeath.
Scientistsshouldnotdespisepoets,andpoetsshouldnotremainisolatedfromscientists.Ifthetwofieldsconflicteachother,humanbeingswouldbeonthewaytodoom.Infact,thegreatestscientistslikeNewton,EinsteinandMrs.Curriewereallendowedwithpoeticspirit.Iassertthatinobservingtheapple fallingtotheground,Newtonnotonlydiscoveredthegrityoftheearth,healsowroteabeautifulpoem.
V.Grouping
Humanreason:
guiltyofhubris,crampedimagination,monsenselogic,anignorantman
Differencesbetweenartandscience:
differentintheirmethodsandintheirends,ascientifichypothesiscanbeproven,newbinationsofoldmaterials,tranormtheordinaryintoextraordinary,apracticalextensionintotechnology,thesenseofanending
Similaritiesbetweenartandscience:
intheirorigin,questtorevealtheworld
1.indistinguishable2.tranorm3.poeti.extension5.subdue
VI.TopicorDiscussionandWriting
(Omitted)
WritingStrategyDivisionandClassification
I.Organizethefollowingwordsintogroups.
People:physician,driver,boxer,mother,teacher
Schools:school,college,institute,kindergarten,university
Colors:brown,purple,violet,black,yellow
Prepositions:along,toward,upon,without,into
Verbs:listen,read,write,hear,look
II.Completethefollowinglists.
1.Collegestudentscanbeclassifiedaccordingto:
academicachievement
attitudetowardpolitics,friendship,etc.
sex
height
placeoforigin
valueoflife
major
2.Transportationmeanscanbeclassifiedaccordingto:
speed
size
use
fuel
fort
history
water,land,orair
III.Writeaparagraphofclassificationonthebookswhichyouliketoread.
(Omitted)
Text6IsScienceEvil
I.Vocabulary
1.C2.A3.D4.B5.B6.A7.C8.C9.D10.A
II.Definition
1.Canon2.Validity3.Apremise4.Disillusionment
5.theprocessofestablishingthetruth,accuracy,orcorrectnessofsomething
6.amodeofthinkingbasedonguessingratherthanonknowledge
III.Mosaic
1.1)//illusiondis-等于not-ment等于nounending
2)//sciencepseudo-等于false
3)//conscious-ness等于nounending
4)//question-able等于adjectiveending
5)//extenuate-ation等于nounending
6)//indict-ment等于nounending
7)//rebut-al等于nounending
8)//perpetrate-ion等于nounending
9)//problem-ic等于adjectiveending
10)//dissolute-ion等于nounending
2.Para.13:Onlywhenscientificcriticiiscrippledbymakingparticularsabsolutecanaclosedviewoftheworldpretendtoscientificvalidity–andthenitisafalsevalidity.
Para.14:Outofdissatiactionwithalltheseparatebitsofknowledgeisbornthedesiretouniteallknowledge.
Para.15:Onlysuperficiallydothemodernandtheancientatomictheoriesseemtofitintothesametheoreticalmold.
1)Para.13:Only+adverbialclauseoftime+invertedorder
Para.14:Prepositionalphrase+invertedorder
Para.15:Only+adverb+invertedorder
2)Invertedorderisusedtoemphasize.
3..B5.A6.C
IV.Translation
(RefertotherelevantpartoftheChinesetranslation)
B.Atpresentthereexisttwoconflictingtendenciestowardsthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Theopponentsofscienceholdthatthedevelopmentofmodernsciencehasnotbroughtblessingstohumanbeings,insteadithasbroughthumanbeingstotheveryedgeofdisasterandperil.Ontheotherhand,theproponentsofscientificandtechnologicalprogresaintainsthatthecriseacinghumanbeingstoday—suchasenvironmentalpollution,ecologicalunbalance,naturalresourceexhaustion—arethenaturalconsequencesofthedevelopmentofscience,andthesolutiontowhichliesinthefurtherdevelopmentofscience.Bothoftheabovetendenciesarereasonableinasensewiththeirrespectiveone-sidedview.Ifweviewthedevelopmentofmodernscienceandtechnologyfromthepointofviewofourtimesandwithdialecticviewpoints,wecanfindoutthattheproblemfacingmodernscienceandtechnologyisnothowtounderstandtheprogressofmodernscienceandtechnology,buthowtofindoutthetheoreticalbasiorthefurtherdevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinordertomeettheneedsofthetimes.
V.Grouping
Attitudestowardscience:
expecttobehelpedbyscienceandonlybyscience,thesuperstitionofscience,thehatredofscience,theonegreatlandmarkontheroadtotruth
Characteristicsofscience:
powerfulauthority,solveallproblems,thoroughlyuniversal
Scientificknowledge:
aconcretetotality,cannotsupplyuswiththeaimsoflife,cannotleadus
Contrastbetweenancientandmodernscience:
progressintotheinfinite,makingparticularsabsolute,notasanendinitselfbutasatoolofinquiry
1.corruption2.totality3.inquiry4.superstition5.landmark
VI.TopicorDiscussionandWriting
(Omitted)
WritingStrategyGeneralizationandSpecification
WritingStrategyCombinationofWritingStrategies
(Omitted)
UnitTwoEngineering
Text7Engineers'DreamofPracticalStarFlight
I.Vocabulary
1.D2.C3.B4.D5.A6.C7.C
II.Definition
1.Annihilation2.Askeptic3.Acoicray4.Anti-matter5.Aworkshop
6.thecurvedpathinspacethatiollowedbyanobjectgoingaroundanotherlargerobject
7.anyoneofthesystemsofmillionsorbillionsofstars,togetherwithgasanddust,heldtogetherbygritationalattraction
III.Mosaic
1.闭音节,字母u发/(/的音,如A,CandD.
2.(Omitted)3.(Omitted)
4.C5.C6.B7.A8.B
IV.Translation
(RefertotherelevantpartoftheChinesetranslation)
Humanbeingshelongbeenattemptingsendingunmanneddevices,calledinterstellarprobes,intotheouterspacetounderstandthechangesofclimates,geologicalstructuresandthelivingbeingsonth estarsandplasoutthere.Aprobeisusuallysentintotheorbitoftheearthby"riding"aspacecraftorcarrierrockets.Afteritsorbitaladjustmentsaremade,therocketengineisignitedandtheprobecontinuesitsjourneytotheorbitoftheotherstarorpla.Withtherocketenginebrokenoff,theprobeimmediatelyspreadsitssolar-cellsailsandantenna,controllingitsposturewithsensors.Whenconvincedthatitisintheorbitofthetargetedstar,theprobestartsitspropellerandfliestothepresetdestination.
V.Grouping
Astronomicalphenomena:
interstellarmedium,awindofparticles,galaxy,reservesofets,theKuiperBelt,
orbit,Pluto,theOortCloud,thebombardmentphoton
Spaceequipment:
interstellarprobe,gritationallens,chemicalrocket,thruster,reflectivesail
Toexploretheuniverse:
scoop,bend,sample
Challengesandsolutionsininterstellarflights:
carryitsownsupplyofpropellant,matter-antimatter,nuclearpower
1.gritational2.propulsion3.probed4.interstellar
VI.TopicorDiscussionandWriting
(Omitted)
WritingRhetoricSimileandMetaphor
I.Completethefollowingsimileswiththewordsgiven,usingonewordonceonly.
1.asdrunkasa___bear11.ascoolas___cucumber______
2.aaithfulasa___dog_____12.aswhiteas____snow________
3.asgreedyas____Jew_____13.ascunningasa____fox__________
4.asrichas_____king_____14.tofightlikea_____lion_________
5.asnakedasa___frog_____15.toactlikeastupid__ass_________
6.asredasa__lobster_16.tospendmoneylike__water_______
7.asbeautifulasa_butterfly__17.toeatlikea_wolf________
8.asbusyasa____bee______18.tosleeplikea_____log______
9.airmasa____rock_____19.toswimlikea____fish________
10.asrigidasa___stone____20.totremblelikea______leaf_________
II.Explainthefollowingmetaphors.
1.Creakingdoorshangthelongest.
creakingdoor:anythingoranybodyinabadcondition
2.Icouldhardlyputupwithhisacidment.
acidment:bitterremark.
3.Hereyeswereblazingasshestormedatme.
blazing:filledwithanger
stormed:shouted,screamed
4.Sheburntwithlove,asstrawwithfireflames.
burntwithlove:extremelyexcitedwithlove
5.Thetalkaboutraisingtaxeswasaredflagtomanyvoters.
aredflag:adangersignal(thatmightstopthesupportofmanyvoters)
6.Thecharcoalfireglowedanddimmedrhythmicallytothestrokesofbellows.
glowedanddimmed:becamebrightandgloomy
7.Thecityisajunglewherenobodyissafeafterthedark.
ajungle:adisorderlyplace
8.Tomeheispower—heistheprimitive,thewildwolf,thestrikingrattlesnake,thestingingcentipede.
theprimitive,thewildwolf,thestrikingrattlesnake,andthestingingcentipede:themostterrifyingcreature
Text8BlindedByTheLight
I.Vocabulary
1.A2.C3.A4.C5.D6.A7.B
II.Rhetoric
1.riveted2.pack3.pours4.creeps
III.Mosaic
1.开音节发字母读音,如A,BandC.
2.(Omitted)3.(Omitted)
4.C5.D6.D7.C8.A
IV.Translation
(RefertotherelevantpartoftheChinesetranslation)
B.Theenergyreleasedfromnuclearfusioniuchmorethanthatfromnuclearfission,andtheradioactivitygivenoutfromfusionisonlyonehundredthofthatfromfission.Themajorfuelusedfornuclearfusionishydrogenanditsisotopes,deuteriumandtritium,amongwhichdeuteriumcouldbedirectlyextractedfromseawater.Theenergyofdeuteriumcontainedinoneliterofseawaterisequalto300litersofpetroleum.Intheoceanthereareabout35,000billiontonsofdeuterium,whichcouldbeusedformorethanonebillionyears.Comparedtothefissionenergy,thefusionenergyontheearthisnearlylimitless.
V.Grouping
A.Nuclear-fusion:
thedoughnut-shapedhollow,reactor,theTokamakFusionreactor,fusion,generate,consume
B.Verbsrelatedtonuclear-fusionreaction:
ignite,release,stick
C.Excitementandcool-down:
notafewtears,Theexperimentisanimportantmilestone,butfusionpowerisstillalongway...,Butnooneknoworsurewhether等,Eventhenitwilltakedecadesofengineeringbefore等
1.nuclearfusion2.repel3.blast
VI.TopicorDiscussionandWriting
(Omitted)
WritingRhetoricMetonymyandSynecdoche
I.StudytheusesofmetonymyinthefollowingsentencesandthenputthemintoChinese.
Theelectionbenchedhiminthedistrictcourt.
他在这次竞选中当上了地区法官.
Onlyaknifecansethepatient.
只有进行外科手术该病人才有救.
Whenthewarwasover,helaiddowntheswordandtookupthepen.
战争结束后,他放下了武器,拿起了笔杆子(弃戎从文).
Ican'tfigureoutthereasonwhyheissofondofthebottle.
我弄不明白他为什么嗜酒如命.
Thepresidentthoughtthatitwashightimetheyshowedtheirteethonthatissue.
总统认为现在是他们 3601;此事表现强硬态度的时候了.
II.Paraphrasetheuseofsynecdocheinthefollowingsentences.
Theradioisoutoforder.
Somethinghasgonewrongwithpartoftheradio.
Thekettleisboiling.
Thewaterinthebottleisboiling.
Twobeers,please.
Twocups/bottlesofbeer,please.
Shewasdressedinsilksandsatins.
Shewasdressedinexpensiveclothes.
Thefoursailswerealreadybackintheharbor.
Thefourshipswerealreadybackintheharbor.
Text9QuantumWeirdness
I.Vocabulary
1.B2.C3.B4.D5.C6.A7.B8.A9.D10.D
II.Mosaic
1.(Omitted)2.(Omitted)
3.B4.B5.C
6.1)B2)C3)D4)D
III.Translation
(RefertotherelevantpartoftheChinesetranslation)
B.Thebasicelementofquantumputersisqubit,abouttenofwhichareneededtobeplacedonachipinbuildingawholequantumputer.Atpresent,creatingqubitsisnotasimpletask,fortheyareonlyasbigas1nanometer,aboutthesizeoftenatomsputtogether.However,itissaidthatHitachiCompanyinJapanisdoingtheresearchintoqubitsinhopeofproducinganewgenerationofsuperhighdensitymemorychips.Thusthistechnologywillemergeearlierthanweexpectit.
IV.Grouping
Quantumputing:
interference,dependency,cryptography,paralleli,spin
Verbsrelatedtoquantumputing:
interfere,reinforce,cancel,factor,zap
Problemswithquantumputing:
notletyoulookatintermediateanswerswithoutdestroyingtheputation,acplishsomethingassimpleaactoringanumberintoitsdivisors
1.collapse2.zap3.dependency4.fragile5.puting
V.TopicorDiscussionandWriting
(Omitted)
WritingRhetoricHyperboleandUnderstatement
I.Paraphrasetheusesofhyperboleinthefollowingsentences.
Ibeg1000pardons.
Iamextremelysorry.
Shewasscaredtodeath.
Shewasterriblyfrightened.
Heknowshisjobinsideout.
Heknowsexactlywhathisjobis.
Duringtheeconomiccrisispricesskyrocketed.
Duringtheeconomiccrisispriceswentuptoohigh.
Theracistrulersdrownedtheblackpeopleinabloodbath.
Theracistrulerstreatedtheblackpeoplewithbrutality.
Thenoisewasloudenoughtowakeupthedead.
Thenoisewastooloud.
Thetwoviewsaremilesapart.
Thetwoviewsarequitedifferent.
Therewasnotagrainoftruthinwhathesaid.
Hetoldalie.
Shewasreducedtoaskeletonafterherlongillness.
Shebecameverythinafterherlongillness.
MissMebbindidn'twanttorenderanatommoreservicethanshehadbeenpaidfor.
MissMebbindidn'twanttorenderanyservicewithoutbeingpaid.
II.Paraphrasetheusesofunderstatementorlitotesinthefollowingsentences.
Askmeanotherquestion.
Idon'twanttoanswerthisquestion.
Sheisnostrangertohardlife.
Shehasexperiencedquitealotofhardships.
Thereisnorulewithoutexception.
Thisisaspecialrule.
Allmusicisaliketohim.
Heknowsnothingaboutmusic.
I'mnotoverjoyedtodothis.
Ihatetodothis.
Iknowyouarehonest,andIwishIcouldaddyouwereintelligent.
Youaredumb,thoughyouarehonest.
Theboywasimpatientofacceptedrulesandconventions.
Theboywasverynaughty.
Hecouldnotrushtosafetyfastenough.
Hewaskilled.
Text10DowntotheSeainRobots
I.Vocabulary
1.C2.C3.A4.D5.C6.C7.A8.C9.D10.B
II.Definition
1.Fail-safe2.Agyroscope3.Afuelcell4.Artificialintelligence
5.animportantassignmentcarriedoutforpolitical,religious,ormercialpurposes,typicallyinvolvingtrelabroad
6.asetofinstructionsinsomeputerlanguageintendedtobeexecutedonaputersoastoperformsometask
III.Mosaic
1.英语字母ar在重读音节发/a:/,如A,CandD.
2.(Omitted)3.(Omitted)
4.D5.C6.C7.D
IV.Translation
(RefertotherelevantpartoftheChinesetranslation)
B.OnDecember14,1985,theunderwaterrobot"SeamanI,"designedandmanufacturedindependentlybyourcountry,divedtotheseabottomintheBayofDaliang.Equippedwithseveralelectricscrewpropellers,itcouldadvance,retreat,makeaturn,"creepacross"andstayinsuspensionatanydepthinwater.WithanewtypeofmicrobeamTV,itwasabletoseeclearlythetargetwithin20metersacrossthepitch-darkseafloor.Thesonar"ear"andtheover-five-meter-longmechanicalhandenabledtherobottoperformunderwateroperationatwillunderthecontroloftheputer.
V.Grouping
A.BackgroundinformationofUVs:
OceanVoyagerII,Phoenix,Seashuttle,Odyssey
B.WordsrelatedtoAUVsthemselves:
dive,map,artificialintelligence,nigate,module
C.ProblemsandsolutionsinthedevelopmentofAUVs:
devisingcontrolsoftware,battery,fuelcell,dead-reckoning,acousticnigation,sound
generator,inertialnigation,gyroscope
1.hurdles2.acoustic3.sensor4.nigate
VI.TopicorDiscussionandWriting
(Omitted)
WritingRhetoricPersonificationandEpigram
I.Identifyandparaphrasetheusesofpersonificationinthefollowing.
Thestubborndoorwon'topen.(thestubborndoor)
Thedoorisdifficulttoopen.
Justicehaslongarms.(longarms)
Nocriminalscanescapepunishment.
Thewindwhistledthroughthetrees.(whistled)
Thewindblewhardthroughthetrees.
Wallshelongears.(longears)
Itisverypossibletobeoverheard.
Letlove,beinglight,bedrownedifshesinks.(drown,sink)
Fetthelightloveifitdisappears.
Therainkepttappingonthewindowpaneswithamillionnervouingers.(tapping,nervouingers)
Itwasraininghard.
HowsoonhathTime,thesubtlethiefofyouth,stolenonhiswingmythreeandtwentiethyear！(thief)
Howfastmy23yearlies！
Ishallneverseehermore
Wherethereedsandrushesquiver,
Shiver,quiver,
S tandbesidethesobbingriver,
Sobbing,throbbing,initalling
Tothesandylonesomeshore.(quiver,shiver,sobbing,lonesome)
II.PutthefollowingsentencesintoChinese.
Aforitehasnofriend.
有亲信的人就没有朋友.
Theywhodrinkbeerwillthinkbeer.
日久成习.
Few,sethepoor,feelforthepoor.
只有穷人才会为穷人着想.
Allgreattruthsbeginasblasphemies.
所有真理开始都被看作亵渎之言.
Kingsarelikestars:theyriseandset.
帝王就象星辰:他们升起又陨落.
Text11NANOTECH—BorrowingFromBiologytoPowerthe
Petite
I.Vocabulary
1.A2.D3.B4.A5.D6.C7.A
II.Mosaic
1.字母组合ea,ee,ie通常发/i:/音,如A,CandD.
2.(Omitted)3.(Omitted)
4.B5.B6.D
III.Translation
(RefertotherelevantpartoftheChinesetranslation)
B.Oneofthekeyresearchareasinbiologicalnanotechnologyisthedevelopmentofmoleculemachines.Thefirstgenerationofmoleculemachinesistheanicintegrationofthebiologicalsystemandthemechanicalsystem.Thesecondgenerationshouldbenano-deviceswhichareassembleddirectlywithatomsandmoleculesandcanperformcertainfunctions.Thethirdgenerationwillmakeitpossibletoimplantnanoputersinthehumanbrain.Beingdirectlyconnectedwithhumanbody,thedeviceswillbeabletointeractwithmanandcopythemselves.
IV.Grouping
Nano-sizedentities:
amolecule-sizedsnowmobile,orjetski
Molecularmotors:
molecularmotors,flexmuscles,copyDNA,powernanotechnologydevices,twirlingmicroscopicplasticbeads,burningATPstorotatetheshaftandmoveprotons
Theexperimentswiththemotors:
usetheATPaserotarymotortomoveman-madeobjects,arrayofmotorstwirlingin
endlessloops,ananoscalemonorailinwhichacollectionofmolecularmotorsalllined
uponasurfacepassatinytube等,ferryingmolecularcargo,shuttlemicrotubules
downtheline
1.flex2.array3.speck4.loop
V.TopicorDiscussionandWriting
(Omitted)
WritingRhetoricPunandEuphemi
I.Explaintheusesofpuninthefollowingsentences.
Ajudgecanendasentencewithasentence.
Thefirstsentencemeansverdictwhilethesecondonestatement.
SignonaMen'sgymnasiumdoor:"Wehecoursestomakegrownmenyoungandyoungmengroan."
Grownandgroanarehomophones.
Theykepttheirspiritsupbypouringspiritsdown.
Thefirstspiriteanoodwhilethesecondonealcoholicdrinks.
A:Howdoyoukeepcoolatafootballgame
B:Sitnexttoafan.
Thewordfanhastwomeanings:anelectricdeviceandanenthusiast.
A:Whatdidtheponysaywhenhecoughed
B:"Excuseme.I'mjustalittlehoarse."
Hoarseandhorsearehomophones.
A:Whatcountryhasagoodappetite
B:Hungary.
Hungaryandhungryarehomophones.
A:Whatletterisaninsect
B:Bee.
BeeandBarehomophones.
A:Whyisthelibrarythetallestbuilding
B:Becauseithasthemoststoreys.
Storeysandstoriesarehomophones.
BenBattlewasasoldierbold,
Andusedtowar'salarm,
Butacannonballshotoffhislegs,
Sohelaiddownhisarm.
Thewordarmhastwomeanings:partofthebodyandweapon.
II.Paraphrasetheusesofeuphemiinthefollowingsentences.
Shemarriedherselftoameattechnologist.
Shemarriedherselftoabutcher.
Thepatient'shearthasstoppedbeating.
Thepatienthasdied.
Theaccusedisnowlivingatthegovernment'sexpenses.
Theaccusedisnowlivinginprison.
Moreattentionmustbepaidtotheunderachieversintheclass.
Moreattentionmustbepaidtothepoorstudentsintheclass.
SorrytosaythatthatiorethanIcanpromise.
SorrytosaythatIhetorefuseit.
Somecoeticproductsareharmfultothosewithskinproblems.
Somecoeticproductsareharmfultothosewithskindisease.
Itwasaspecialhospitalwheretheemotionallydisturbedwerewelltreated.
Itwasaspecialhospitalwherethelunaticswerewelltreated.
Text12TheThirdCulture
I.Vocabulary
1.A2.A3.B4.B5.A6.D7.B8.B9.B10.C
II.Definition
1.Paraphernalia2.Fuziness3.Apaleontologist
4.theskill,knowledge,oropinionofsomebodywhoisanexpert
5.anyconspicuoueatureorcharacteristic
III.Rhetoric
1.conversation2.supernova3.thrust4.string5.messianic6.cranky7.backseat
IV.Mosaic
1.非重读音节,字母a发/(/的音,如A,BandC.
2.(Omitted)3.(Omitted)
4.A5.D6.B
V.Translation
(RefertotherelevantpartoftheChinesetranslation)
B.Thedevelopmentoftechnologyhasbeenleadingtothecontinualprogressandthedevelopmentofhumancivilizationandculture.Themostimportanttooltopushforwardthedevelopmentofcultureisvideomunicativetechnology,especiallyTV.Indevelopedcountries,TVdirectlyinfluencespeople'sconcepts,attitudesandbehiors.Owingtothebusinesen'sdeliberatedesign,productsinacertainbrandnameadvertisedonTVaremoreappealingtoyoungpeoplethanthoseofthesametypemadelocally.Thankstothedevelopmentofinformationtechnologyandtheexpansionandextensionofmunicationwork.,peoplecanfreelyaccesstheregionalworksallovertheworldsoastoobtaintheinformationenrichedwithculturaltrends,conceptsandtraditions.
VI.Grouping
Thearts:
painting,nationalpoetlaureate,esteemed,hip,cool,expressthehumancondition,
acknowledgethestartingpointofthehumancondition,experience,contemplateandabstractamind,generatebeauty
Th eclassicalscience:
near-saintlytoleranceforfailure,peopleaiminghigh,artstudents,themostmittedandself-sacrificingresearchers,thecleanestmoney,anobleendeor,nerds,intheculturalbackseat,pursuethetruthoftheuniverse,measureandtestamind,aconversationbetweentheoryandexperiment,generatetruth
Thethirdculture:
thewispoffashion,acelebrationofengineering,pursuingnovelty,new,improved,different,technologicalculture,atripintovirtualreality,buildaworkingmind,creation,anewtechnology,createnewtoolasterthannewtheories,haslittlerespectforscientificcredentials,fortheirrational,immediacy,anexperientialsynthesis,asinternationalasscience,generaterawopportunity,possibilities
1.contemplate2.nerd3.virtual-reality4.rationality
VII.TopicorDiscussionandWriting
(Omitted)
WritingRhetoricParadoxandOxymoron
I.Paraphrasetheusesofparadoxinthefollowingsentences.
Longlivethedeadking.
Itisagoodthingthatthekingisdead.
Thosewhoheeyesapparentlyseelittle.
Youdon'tknowthevalueofwhatyouheuntilyouloseit.
Itisbettertotrelinhopethantoarrive.
Theprocessioreimportantthantheresult.
Cowardsdiemanytimesbeforetheirdeath,
Thevaliantnevertasteofdeathbutonce.
Cowardsarescaredofdeathbutthevaliantarenot.
II.Explaintheusesofoxymoroninthefollowingsentences.
Henryisatrueliar.
trueliar:realliar.
Hewasconspicuouslyabsentattheparty.
conspicuouslyabsent:obviouslyabsent
Anatmosphereofdangerouscalmcouldbefeltthroughouttheminingregion.
dangerouscalm:terriblecalm
Thesuccesulnuclearbombexplosionwasreferredtoasbadgoodnews.
badgoodnews:"badnews"becauseitisathreattothesafetyofmankind,"goodnews"becauseitissuccesul
Serpentheart,hidwithaflow'ringface！
Dideverdragonkeepsofairace
Beautifultyrant！fiendangelical！
Dove-feather'dren！wolfish-reninglamb！
Despisedsubstanceofdivinestshow！
Justoppositetowhatthoujustlyseem'st,
Adamnedsaint,anhonourablevillain！
(ThisoxymoronexpressesthecontradictoryfeelingsofloveandhateofJulietforRomeo.)
UnitThreeLanguageandCulture
Text13TheEnglishLanguage
I.Vocabulary
1.B2.C3.A4.B5.D6.C7.C8.D9.B10.A
II.Definition
1.TheAnglo-Saxon2.Pitch3.Periphrasis4.Aninflection5.Avehicle
6.Minimumistheallestpossiblenumber,quantity,degree,valueetc.orthelowestlevel.
7.Tosurpassistoexceedinquantity,degree,amount,extent,etc.,ortobebetterorgreaterordobetterormorethansomeoneorsomethingelse.
8.Aconsequenceistheresult,effect,orouteofaparticularaction,process,orsetofconditions.
9.Intonationistheriseandfallofone'svoicewhenhespeaks,whichdistinguisheskindsofsentencesoraddeaningtowhatisbeingsaid.
10.Aphenomenonisafact,occurrence,orsomethingthatisobservedtohappenorexistandthatcanbescientificallydescribed.
III.Mosaic
1.(1)copious(2)vague(3)heterogeneous(4)receptive
2.A3.(Omitted)4.(Omitted)
IV.Translation
A.十分普通的词,如果用得新颖别致,便可以产生不同凡响的效果,使这些词语不仅意味深长,而且具有一种奇妙的,令人难以忘怀的美.有一次我指出诗人们,特别是华兹华斯和济慈从"静悄悄"(quiet)这个词获得的效果,以此来说明这一点.莎士比亚也能用"甜的"(sweet)这个小小的词创造出同样的奇迹.他使用这个词的时候有一种微妙的美,使它像音乐大师手里的小提琴一样奏出悠扬的乐曲.谁在野外阳光下歌唱春天的时候,"最是一年甜美时"这句诗不像鸟儿一样在他的心头鸣啭这是大自然制造出来的甘露.但是莎士比亚用任何陈旧的词都可以玩出这种魔术.比如说"献媚"这个词吧.这是一个平淡朴实的词,你会说,这个词只适用于单调乏味的言谈,不会有别的用处.可是莎士比亚把它信手拈来,它便像时分的天狼星一样大放异彩了:
我看见许多绚烂的早晨,
用霞光献媚于群峰.
我们脑子里装着大字眼来表达思想,心坎里装着简短的词来抒发感情.
B.EnglishisaGermaniclanguageoftheIndo-Europeanlanguagefamilyandithasthreebasiccharacteristics.Itisananalyticlanguage,i.e.relativelyuninflectedlanguage,whereaanyIndo-Europeanlanguagesaresynthetic,orinflected.Anothercharacteristicisitlexibilityoffunction.Thieansthatonewordcanfunctionasvariouspartsofspeechindifferentcontexts.Athirdfeatureisopennessofitsvocabulary,whichallowsEnglishtoadmitwordreelyfromotherlanguagesandtocreatemanypoundsandderivatives.
V.Grouping
Partofsomethingthatistypicalofitandmakesitdifferentfromothers:
quality,individuality
Keyword(s)usedtodescribecharacteristicfeaturesoftheEnglishlanguage:
copiousness,amazinariety,receptiveness,,fixedwordorder,periphrases,prepositions
ImportanceofEnglish:
asuitableandattractivevehicle,generalsuccess
ReasonorEnglishtobeeryeasylanguagetospeakpoorly:
journalese,woolliness,vagueness,slatternlyspeechandwriting
1.intonation2.simplicityofinflection3.characteristi.worldwidesignificance5.jargon
VI.TopicorDiscussionandWriting
(Omitted)
WritingPrincipleUnityandCoherence
WritingPrincipleEconomyandClarity
I.Studythefollowingtwoparagraphsandanswerthequestion:What'swrongwiththeunderlinedpartsintermsofunityand/orcoherenceTrytoimprovetheparagraphsbyrewritingthem.
1.Igotupearlyanditwasafineday.Momtoldmethattherewastrafficjam.Ourcarwasalittlebittoooldandweneedtobuyanewone.(ThethemeisANEARLYSTART)
Rev ised:
IgotupearlyonafinedaybecauseMomtoldmethattherewastrafficjamandourcarwasalittlebittooold.
2.WhathecausedtheairpollutionThereareseveralreasons.Themotorvehiclesproducewastegasthatpollutestheairmostseriouslyandsecondly,thebustionoftraditionalfuels,suchasoilandcoal,togetheatortocookworsenthesituation.Lastbutnottheleast,thehumandamagetotheecologicalbalanceandthecrowdedcity-buildingsalsocontributetotheproblem.Fourthly,perhapsthemostimportant,itistheawarenessofthepeopletorealizethesignificanceoftheairpollutionthatformstherootoftheissue.(ThethemeisAIRPOLLUTION)
Revised:
WhathecausedtheairpollutionThereareseveralreasons.Firstofall,themotorvehiclesproducewastegasthatpollutestheairmostseriously.Secondly,thebustionoftraditionalfuels,suchasoilandcoal,togetheatortocookworsenthesituation.Thirdly,thehumandamagetotheecologicalbalanceandtheoverpopulationalsocontributetotheproblem.Andfinallyitistheunawarenessofthepeopletorealizethesignificanceoftheairpollutionthatformstherootoftheissue.
II.Rewritethefollowingsentences,deletinganyunnecessarywordsorchangingthestructurestoachieveeconomyandclarity.
Heisalwaysreadytogiveencouragementtoanyofhiriends.
Heisreadytoencouragehiriends.
Thedecisionwasonethatweallagreednottomakeatthattimeonthespot.
Weallagreednottomakethatdecision.
Thereisasuggestionboxinalmostallbigbusinesshouseswhereemployeeayputideas.
Thereisasuggestionboxinalmostallbigbusinesshouses.
Johnisoftheopinionthattheromanceandbeautywillreturnbackoncepollutionisgotridofaltogether.
Johnbelievesthatthebeautywillreturnoncepollutionisgotridof.
Youmayhenoticedthatthepoliceman'sstoryesintoconflictwiththatoftheaccusedinmanyinstances.
Youmayhenoticedthatthepoliceman'sstorycontradictswiththatoftheaccused.
Text14Americanis
I.Vocabulary
1.B2.A3.A4.D5.B6.A7.C8.A9.D10.C
II.Definition
1.Heritage2.Atreaty3.Adialect4.Anabbreviation5.Achampion
6.Aprefaceisanintroductionatthebeginningofanarticle,bookorspeech,whichexplainsitssubject,purpose,etc.
7.Apatriotisapersonwholoves,supportsandloyallyserveshisorhercountry.
8.Acriticisapersonwhofindaultorexpressesstrongdisapprovalordislikeofsomething,itrefersalsotosomeonewhowritesreviewsandexpressesopinionsaboutbooks,plays,films,music,paintings,televisionprograms,etc.
9.Acensorisapersonwhosejobistoexaminebooks,letters,plays,films,televisionprograms,etc.,andtoremoveanythingconsideredtobeoffensive,immorallyharmful,politicallydangerous,etc.
10.Alexicographerisapersonwhowrites,editsorpilesadictionary.
III.Mosaic
1.A.different,heterogeneousB.foolish,stupid,unintelligent
C.decrease,lessenD.disagreement,opposition,refusal
2.A3.(Omitted)
IV.Translation
A.(RefertotherelevantpartoftheChinesetranslation)
B.WecannotsaythattheEnglishlanguageinAmericaioreconservativethantheEnglishofEngland.Itisbutaparisonwhenwespeakoftransplantingalanguage.Languageisbuttheexpressionofpeoplewhouseit,andshouldreflectthenatureandtheexperienceofthespeakers.Nowwegenerallydonotthinkofthepioneerswholeetheirhomeandtrytheexperimentoflifeinanewworldaoreconservativethanthemenwhostayathome.Moreover,thenovelconditionsoftheirnewenvironmentandthemanynewexperienceswhichtheirlanguageiscalledupontoexpressareinducementtochangeratherthanfactorstoconservetheirlanguageunaltered.
V.Grouping
Languageandarietyoflanguage:
Americanis,AmericanEnglish,Anglo-American,motherlanguage,tongue
AttitudestowardschangedformofEnglish:
alarm,adherencetoorthodoxuse,patriot'ssatiaction,protestation,
CharacteristicfeaturesofWebster'sNewWorldDictionary:
givethereasonfortheapplicationofthepropername,halfmillionorsowords,meanings,andphrases
1.critici
2.dialects
3.theIndo-Europeanlanguages
4.propernameswereetymologized
VI.TopicorDiscussionandWriting
(Omitted)
WritingPrincipleManuscriptFormandStyle
I.Changethefollowingintotitlesofarticles.
Model:adayinmylife.→ADayinMyLife
1.Itisnevertoolatetomend.
ItIsNeverTooLatetoMend
2.Anunfettabledayinmylife.
AnUnfettableDayinMyLife
3.Istheendoftheworldathand
IstheEndoftheWorldatHand
4.Economicdevelopmentsandtheenvironmentalprotection
EconomicDevelopmentandtheEnvironmentalProtection
5.WillLondonremainthefinancialcenterinEuropeinthenewmillennium
WillLondonRemaintheFinancialCenterinEuropeintheNewMillennium
II.Groupthefollowingaccordingtotheirdifferencesinstyle.
FormalInformalannualyearlychildkidascendriseinterrogateaskcolloquialoraleccentricqueerfinecoolprofounddeepphotographphotoelevateraisemeeteacrossbicyclebikeofimportanceimportantinvestigatelookintospeaktoomuchtalksomeone'sheadoff
Text15TheNorseWorld
I.Vocabulary
1.B2.A3..B5.B6.B7.D8.A9.A10.C
II.Definition
1.Astratum2.Heathenmen3.Primogeniture4.Arailing5.TheVikingAge
6.Atraderoutisawayacrosslandorseaoftenusedbytraders'vehicles,ships,carans,etc.
7.Anentryisanitem,anote,aword,aphrase,orashortpieceofwritinginadiary,accountbook,dictionary,orencyclopedia.
8.Ad iplomatisaseniorgovernmentofficialwhoconductsnegotiationswithothercountriesonbehalfofhisorherowncountry.
9.Amanuallabourerisaworkerwhoworkswithhishandsorphysicalstrengthratherthanhiind.
10.Achronicleisaformalaccountorrecordofaseriesofevents,especiallyhistoricalevents,writtenintheorderinwhichtheyhappened.
III,Mosaic
1.(Omitted)
2."...musthegivenaddedmomentumtotheimpulsetoraidandtrade,conquerandcolonise."/"TheNorsemencutsuchadashasgangersand,indeed,gangstersthat...."
3.(Omitted)4.(Omitted)
IV.Translation
A.关于世界起源及其灭亡的神话是随着具有不同气候环境的地域而变化的.在寒冷的北欧,世界上的第一个人据说是由一头名叫奥杜姆拉的神牛甜食冰冻的石块而产生,北欧传说中人死后灵魂前往的世界被描绘成一片光裸,单调,雾气蒙蒙的平原,饥肠辘辘,瑟瑟发抖的鬼魂在那里四处游荡.在希腊较温暖的气候条件下孕育的神话则描述,一个名叫普罗米修斯的提坦在布满鲜花的河岸上用泥土捏出人形,然后由雅典娜(她曾是利比亚的月亮女神奈特)赋予生命,而希腊传说中的鬼魂则前往一个没有阳光,没有鲜花的地下洞穴.这样的亡灵世界是专为农奴和平民准备的,在北欧,有功的贵族武士可以前往温暖的,备有蜜酒的神殿,而在希腊,他们则可以前往极乐世界.
B.Duringthe12thcenturyaculturalandeconomicrevivaltookplace,manyhistorianstracetheoriginsoftheRenaissancetothistime.ThebalanceofeconomicpowerslowlybegantoshiftfromtheregionoftheeasternMediterraneantowesternEurope.TheGothicstyledevelopedinartandarchitecture.Townsbegantoflourish,trelandmunicationbecamefaster,safer,andeasier,andmerchantclassesbegantodevelop.Agriculturaldevelopmentwasonereasonforthesedevelopments.Duringthe12thcenturythepopulationrapidlyexpanded,anditwasafactorthateventuallyledtothebreakupoftheoldfeudalstructures.
V.Grouping
Destroyingactorpractice:
slaughter,raid,overrun,attack,sack
TheVikings'disposition,characterandlife:
fightingmen,intrepidlysailed,devotedandresponsiblefamilymen,warriors,peacefullives,socialstructurewiththreestrata,等
ReasonortheVikings'succesulexpansion:
bentonexploration等,expandingtraderoutes
TheVikings'influenceonWesternworld:
destroyGod'schurch,mostexcitingandinfluentialforce,theirbeliefs
SocialstrataofNorseworld:
earls,freemen,allholders,aristocraticthirdclass
1.destruction2.impulses3.aggressive4.piracy5.seapower
VI.TopicorDiscussionandWriting
(Omitted)
WritingTypeNarration
WritingTypeDescription
(Omitted)
Text16MediterraneanHeritage
I.Vocabulary
1.B.2.D.3.A.4.C.5.B.6.C.7.A.8.C.9.A.10.D.
II.Definition
1.Aconstitution
2.Aprospect
3.Aplement
4.Averse
5.Patrimony
6.Anoffshootisananizationwhichhasdevelopedfromalargerorearlierone.
7.Toassimilateistopletelyunderstandandbegintousenewideas,information,etc.
8.Adisciplineisthetrainingthatdevelopsself-control,character,ororderlinessandefficiency.
9.Virtuesaregoodoradmirablequalitiesorproperties.
10.Toprolongistoextendthedurationofsomethingortocausetocontinuelonger.
III.Mosaic
1.(Omitted)
2.(Omitted)
3.
imitateimitative
interweeinterwoven
admitadmission
conceiveinconceivable
topicaltopicality
ancestorancestry
dominatepredominantly
discreditdiscreditable
4.
barbarouscivilized
practicalidealistic
insularcoopolitan
5.(Omitted)
IV.Translation
A.(RefertotherelevantpartoftheChinesetranslation)
B.Englishisalanguageofbothlongstandingandgreatvarietyaswell.StartingfrombeingonlyaalltongueinShakespeare'sdays,EnglishhasbeethemothertongueofAmerica,Canada,AustraliaandsomeothercountriesbesidesBritain.Infact,itisnowwellonthewaytobeingaworldlanguage.ThepasthundredyearshasseenEnglishtobethetoolofAmericanindependence,worldtrade,themeansofmunicationinvariouieldsandtheexpressionofnumerousideas,theories,philosophies,naturalsciences,andliteratures.
V.Grouping
Remoteandprimitivestatus:
remote,barbarous,inisolation
Beingre-born,recovered:
revival,Renaissance
Originandsource:
derive,sprangfrom,inheritedfrom,anoffshootof,tooktheirinspirationfrom,emanatedfrom
Linkingandrelationship
acontinuationof,isboundupwith,interwoven,owedimperishabledebtto
Attitudeandbehior:
introspective,idealistic,instinctive,insular
Schoolsofarts,literatureandphilosophy:
romantici,rationali,naturali
1.derive2.Romantici3.revival4.interwoven5.remote6.introspective
VI.TopicorDiscussionandWriting
(Omitted)
WritingTypeExposition
WritingTypeArgumentation
(Omitted)
Text17Beethoven
I.Vocabulary
1.B2.C3.A4.B5.D6.A7.C8.B9.C10.C
II.Definition
1.Avirtuoso2.Aprodigy3.Anexponent4.Arecluse5.Apallbearer
6.Aninnovatorisapersonwhointroducesnewmethods,devicesornewideas.
7.Anamateurisapersonwhodoessomethingforenjoymentorinterest,notasajoborprofession.
8.Apredecessorisapersonwhoprecedesorprecededanother,asinofficeorsomeprofession.
9.Atorchbearerisapersonwhocarriesatorch,forinstance,atafuneral,orfiguratively,apersonwhobringstorch,enlightenment,etc.
10.Acontemporaryisapersonlivinginthesameperiodasanotherorothers.
III.Mosaic
1.1)symphonic2)harmonic3)electoral4)forceful5)illustrative6)recitative7)discreditable8)malevolent9)Viennese10)reactionary
2.1)certai