本站原创[摘 要 ] 操作技能是护理工作的基本能力,也是临床护理教学考核评价的重要内容.目前护理本科生临床操作技能考核评价存在重结果、轻过程的现象,造成护生最终成绩与平时表现不符,理论与实践脱节,学习积极性差等结果.即时评价是一种有效促进教学目标实现的教学手段,具有实时评估、调整、控制、激励的特点.操作技能即时评价方案拟定基础护理操作18项、专科护理操作15项；建立了即时评价方式和评价指标；设计了即时评价标准评价表、操作记录表、患者满意度调查表及护生自评表.方案的设计紧密结合临床实际,以教师易于实施,学生易于接受为出发点,以护生为根本,以核心胜任力培养为目标,以完善过程考评体系为目的,激发护生职业认同感和积极性,提高教师素质,活跃临床教学,适应优质护理对护理人才培养的要求.
[关 键 词 ] 即时评价；方案；操作技能；核心胜任力
[中图分类号] G623 [文献标识码] C [文章编号] 1673-7210（2012）08（a）-0147-02
Real-time evaluation scheme design for nursing undergraduate in operation skill
ZHANG Yan WANG Xinran HAN Binru
Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
[Abstract] The operation skill is the basic ability of nursing, clinical nursing teaching evaluation is the important content. The current nursing undergraduates in clinical skills assesent to evaluate the presence of hey result light process, phenomenon, caused by nursing students and ordinary performance does not match the final grade, the disconnection between theory and practice, learning motivation and results. Instant evaluation is an effective teaching method to promote the realization of teaching goal, with real-time assesent, adjust, control, excitation characteristic. Operation skill of instant evaluation plan of basic nursing operation 18, specialist nursing operation 15, to establish a real-time evaluation method and evaluation index, to establish a real-time evaluation method and evaluation index, design of instant evaluation criteria evaluation form, operation records, patient satiaction questionnaire and the students' self assesent form. The design closely bines with clinical practice, the teacher is easy to implement, students are easy to accept as a starting point, with nursing students as a fundamental, core petence as the goal, to improve the process evaluation system for the purpose of arousing students occupation, identity and enthusia, improve the quality of teachers, active clinical teaching, quality care to adapt to nursing personnel training requirements.
[Key words] Real-time evaluation, Programs, Skills, Core petence
随着护理专业内涵的发展和优质护理的深入,本科护生核心胜任力的培养和考核已普遍受到重视,但其评价体系尚不完善,尤其薄弱的是目前临床实习期间的过程评价,难以客观、真实地反映本科护生的临床能力[1].操作技能是评价项目中的重要组成部分.在操作技能指导的过程中,恰当、实时、科学的即时评价,对于增加学生学习内驱力,促进学生发展,完善考评体系,提高教师素质水平有着重要意义.鉴此,设计操作技能即时评价方案,为护理本科生核心胜任力临床教学评价指标的建立奠定基础.
1.现状分析
1.1 护生最终操作成绩与平日实习表现不符
目前评价护生操作技能的方法是出科考试和毕业考试,受学生心理素质和考核当天环境、物品、患者准备及主考老师等各种因素的影响,调查120名护生出科考试及毕业考试成绩,有49.2%的护生最终操作成绩与平日实习表现不符.平日实习表现参见每科出科考试时操作成绩和对临床教师的调查.动态评分表中（100分）所呈现的操作技能是工作态度项目中的二级指标“护理操作规范”,权重是3分.过程评价的忽略造成操作考核的单一性,局限性和不公平性.