【摘 要】由于英语和汉语在用词习惯上存在差异,英语翻译成汉语时需要增加一些内容才符合汉语习惯,句子才通顺.本文阐述了增益法在英汉翻译中作用.
【关 键 词 】英汉翻译;增益法;运用方法
一、增益法的概念
由于英美等国家的人同中国人在思维方式和用词习惯之间存在较大差异,因此,我们在理解和翻译英文句子的时候,既要考虑英文原文的意思,又要根据汉语表达方式对其加以适当的调整,使译文的语言读起来更加通顺.处于这种目的,有时候我们需要对译文加以解释性的说明,这样既忠实原文,又通达顺畅,我们称这种方法为增益法.
二、增益法的运用
根据逻辑修辞的需要使用增益法,使译文读起来逻辑性更强,更顺通.根据不同句子的需要.可以分别增补动词、形容词、副词等.
1.增补动词
Histories mske men wise;poets witty;the mathematics subtile;natural philosophy deep;moralgre;logic and rhetoric able to contend.
历史使人明智,诗歌使人灵透,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,使人庄重,逻辑使人善辩.
Ice is the solid state,water liquid and water vapour gaseous.
冰是固态,水是液态,而水蒸气是气态.
With this mood,I went to the diplomatic circles,earnest but only sketchingly informed.
我怀着这样的心情进入外交界,只有满腔热情,但知识却很肤浅.
2.增补形容词
Listen,what a man he is!
听听,他多么伟大呀!
We must listen to the mass.
我们必听取广大群众的意见.
3.增补副词
As soon as he stepped in,she poured out her plaints upon him.
他刚走进门,她就劈头盖脸地向他抱怨起来.
Upon hearing the sad news,she sand down onto the bed and burst out ceying.
听到这个噩耗,他就一屁股坐到床上,嚎啕大哭起来.
Look before you leap.
三思而后行.
4.增补名词
(1)在不及物动词后面增补名词
She spent most of her leisure time at home,reading and drawing.
她的闲暇时间多是在家里度过,读书或画画.
(2)在形容词的前面增补名词,用于人物肖像描写和景物描写.
He is young but amditious.
他人小志大.
(3)在形容词后增补名词
Under any case we should keep modest and pndent.
在任何情况下,我们都应该保持谦虚、谨慎的作风.
(4)在抽象名词后增补名词
We must throw away placence.
我们必须抛弃自满情绪.
(5)在具体名称后面增加名词
Did you buy a Bird yesterday?
昨天你买了一部波导手机吗?
5.增补表示复数概念的词
Telegrams congratulating LI KE- on his election of premier poured in from many countries.
许多国家纷纷来电祝贺李克强当选总理.
6.增加表示时间观念的词
China belonged to the third world and remains a third world,it’ll belong to the third world when it bees more powerful.
中国过去是属于第三世界,现在属于第三世界,将来强大了仍属于第三世界.
7.增加语气助词
Take it easy,not painful at all.
放松点,一点也不疼.
8.增补名量词和动量词
There is a full moon in the sky.
空中一轮明月.
9.增加连接词
Hearimg the news,He felt surprised plsasantly.
听到这个消息他感到又惊又喜.
10.增加概括词
China and America agreed on anti-terrori.
中美就反对恐怖主义达成一致.
三、增补原文中的隐含意义
有些英文句子从字面上并看不出某种含义,但根据上下文却不难看出其字里行间隐含有某种含义,在这种情况下进行翻译时就可酌情增补隐含的意义.
With much property ,he leads a simple and frugal life.
尽管他们很多财产,他仍过俭朴的生活.